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The Polish white-and-red flag is only 100 years old, even though it is the simplest sign symbolising the White Eagle, which has been the emblem of Poland for eight centuries. The upper white stripe of the flag symbolises the Eagle, while the red one symbolises the colour of the escutcheon. The flag in the form in which it is used these days was introduced only after Poland regained its independence following the partitions. In the Middle Ages, the ensign carried by knights of the Polish kingdom would differ from the ones representing individual lands or the most eminent families. When writing about the Battle of Grunwald, Jan Długosz mentioned “a huge ensign, bearing a meticulously embroidered white eagle with its wings stretched out, its beak open and a ...