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The Commonwealth was dependent on Russia from the beginning of the 18th century, but its society, which was revived thanks to the Commission of National Education, the Corps of Cadets and modernised monastic schools, found it increasingly difficult to come to terms with Russia’s brutal meddling in the country’s affairs. The outbreak of the Russo-Turkish war (1787) raised hopes that Catherine II would have to loosen the leash choking the Commonwealth. In such circumstances, the Confederate Sejm, to which the privilege of liberum veto did not apply, assembled for the term from 1788 to 1792. This Sejm went down in history as the Four Years’ Sejm or Great Sejm due to its achievements, which culminated in a modern constitution. When the Sejm rejected an unsuccessful version ...